%%s 3/0/3373
%%d D 1.2 04-Apr-82 13:53:29 tools 2 1
%%c added bigeddef to ed.w in order to build biged on VMS, permitting
%%c the editing of up to 25,000 line files (Why anyone wants to edit files
%%c that large is beyond me, but some do!)
%%s 0/0/0
%%d D 1.1 25-Mar-82 12:04:34 v1.1 1 0
%%c Version 1.1 is the Spring 1982 Distribution of the LBL/Hughes release
%%c of the Software Tools Virtual Operating System software and documentation.
%%T
%%I 1
#-h- cbuf             395  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:19  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /cbuf/ common block
# put on a file called 'cbuf'
# Used only by the editor

common /cbuf/ buf(MAXBUF), lastbf, free
integer buf, lastbf, free

# buf(k+0)	PREV	Index of previous line in buf.(MSB = MARK bit.)
# buf(k+1)	NEXT	Index of next line in buf.
# buf(k+2)	CURR	Index of current line in tbuf. (in-memory version)
# buf(k+2)	SEEKADR	Index of first word of pointer. (scratch-file version)

#-h- cdel             336  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:20  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /cdel/ - common block for editor; holds information about the
#   most recently deleted range of lines.
# put on a file called 'cdel'
# Used only by the editor.

common /cdel/ delcnt, fstdel, lstdel

integer delcnt # Number of lines deleted.
integer fstdel # Index of first line deleted.
integer lstdel # Index of last  line deleted.
#-h- cfile            168  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:22  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## cfile common block - for editor
# put on a file named 'cfile'
# Used only by the editor

common /cfile/  savfil(FILENAMESIZE)
character savfil	#remembered file name
#-h- clines           819  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:24  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /clines/ - common block for editor; holds line flags
# put on a file called 'clines'
# Used only by the editor

common /clines/	line1, line2, nlines, curln, lastln, print, cursav,
		oldlin, oldndx, ifmod, number, autoin

integer line1   # first line number
integer line2   # second line number
integer nlines  # number of line numbers specified
integer curln   # current line: value of dot
integer lastln  # last line: value of $
integer print   # flag to cause/suppress printing of line count
integer cursav  # value of current line before new command
integer oldlin  # last line number used by getind
integer oldndx  # last index returned by getind
integer ifmod   # Set if buffer has been modified since last write.
integer number  # Set if lines are to be numbered.
integer autoin	# Set if autoindent is desired.
#-h- clru             252  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:26  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
common / clru / lrup(RESIDENT_PAGES), mrup(RESIDENT_PAGES),
		pfnp(RESIDENT_PAGES)

integer lrup	# index to less recently used pages
integer mrup	# index to more recently used pages
integer pfnp	# index to page frame entry mapped in this physical page
#-h- cnoreg           183  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:27  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /cnoreg/ - common block to hold number register for editor
# put in a file called 'cnoreg'
# used by ch and ed

common / cnoreg / noreg

integer noreg		# number register for editor
#-h- cpat             141  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:29  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /cpat/ - common block for editor
# put on a file named 'cpat'
# Used only by the editor

common /cpat/ pat(MAXPAT) 
integer		pat	# pattern
#-h- csclin           193  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:31  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## csclin common block - for editor
# put on a file named 'csclin'
# Used only by the editor

common /csclin/  lin(MAXLINE)
character lin        # scratch line for reading lines to be injected
#-h- cscrat           297  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:32  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /cscrat/ - common block for editor; holds scratch file info
# put on a file called 'cscrat'
# Used only by the editor

common /cscrat/ scr, scrend(2) , scrfil(FILENAMESIZE)
integer   scr		# scratch file id 
integer   scrend	# end of info on scratch file 
character scrfil	# name of scratch file
#-h- cspwn            227  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:34  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# cspwn - common block with arrays for spawning stuff
# used by dopip and typset

common / cspwn / argara(ARGBUFSIZE), filara(FILENAMESIZE)

character argara	# buffer for command
character filara	# buffer for scratch file name
#-h- cstack           259  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:35  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
common / cstack / level, vrbs(MAX_LEVEL), desc(MAX_LEVEL)

integer level		# index into desc for current input file; init = 1
integer vrbs		# whether to echo each input line on ERROUT; init = NO
filedes desc		# array of input file descriptors; desc(1) = STDIN
#-h- ctbuf            176  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:35  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /ctbuf/ common block for in-memory text buffer.
# Put on a file called 'ctbuf'
# Used only by the editor

common /ctbuf/ tbuf(MAXTXT), txtend
character tbuf
integer   txtend
#-h- ctbufs           106  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:35  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
common / ctbufs / edtbuf(FILENAMESIZE, MAXTBUFS)

character edtbuf	# name of scratch files for temp buffs
#-h- ctxt             171  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:36  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# /ctxt/ - common block for editor
# put on a file called 'ctxt'
# Used only by the editor

common /ctxt/ txt(MAXLINE) 
character txt	# text line for matching and output 
#-h- cvfile           210  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:36  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
common / cvfile / virunt, virend, vpfile(FILENAMESIZE)

filedes virunt		# ratfor unit to page file; init = ERR
linepointer virend	# address of end-of-file for paging file
character vpfile	# name of paging file
#-h- cvirt            279  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:38  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
common / cvirt / virind(PF_SIZE), phyind(PF_SIZE), dskadr(PF_SIZE)

integer virind		# starting virtual index of this page
integer phyind		# starting physical index of this page
			# if == 0, not resident; if < 0, page is dirty
linepointer dskadr	# address of page in paging file
#-h- patdef           787  asc  25-mar-82 07:46:39  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
 ## definitions for the pattern matching routines
 # put on a file named 'defns'
 # Used by pattern.r and ed & sedit tools
 
  define(ANY,'?') 
  define(BOL,'%') 
  define(BOT,'{')
  define(CCL,'[') 
  define(CCLEND,']') 
  define(CHAR,'a') 
  define(CLOSIZE,4) 
  define(CLOSURE,'*') 
  define(CLOSURE1,'+')	# closure of one or more occurrences
			# i.e. (pat)+ == (pat)(pat)*
  define(COUNT,1) 
  define(EOL,'$') 
  define(EOT,'}')
  define(MAXTAG,10)
  define(NCCL,'n') 
  define(PREVCL,2) 
  define(START,3) 

  define(DITTO,(-3))
  define(SECTION,(-4))

# /ctag/ - common block to hold section limits for ch
# put in a file called 'ctag'
# Used by find, ch, and ed

#common /ctag/ taglim(MAXTAG2)
#integer taglim

define(I_CTAG,common/ctag/taglim(arith(2,*,MAXTAG))
integer taglim)
#-h- ed.r           54091  asc  25-mar-82 07:47:03  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
#-h- defns           3277  asc  25-mar-82 07:42:48  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
# definitions for editor 
# put on a file called 'defns'
# Used only by the editor

#
# the editor may be tailored in several ways
#
# if one defines the symbol IN_MEM via define(IN_MEM,)
# then the editor will use an in-memory buffer for the text as opposed
# to keeping it on a temporary file.
#
# if the symbol LARGE_ADDRESS_SPACE is defined in symbols, then the
# editor can handle files up to 10,000 lines long.  Otherwise, the
# editor is built to handle 500 lines.
#
# For RSX-11M only, defining the symbol DO_PAGING via define(DO_PAGING,)
# causes a virtual-memory version of the editor to be built.  As such,
# files up to 8,000 lines long can be edited
#
ifnotdef(MAX_ED_LINES)
  ifdef(LARGE_ADDRESS_SPACE)
    define(MAX_ED_LINES,10000)
  elsedef
    define(MAX_ED_LINES,500)
  enddef
  ifdef(DO_PAGING)
    define(MAX_ED_LINES,8000)
  enddef
enddef
ifnotdef(PROMPT_STRING)
  define(PROMPT_STRING,": ")
enddef
ifnotdef(USE_STRING)
  define(USE_STRING,"usage:  ed [-] [-p[string]] [-n] [-v] [file].")
enddef

include patdef			# definitions for pattern matching stuff

define(NUMBER_REGISTER,(-5))	# code for number register

# definitions for commands

define(APPENDCOM,'a') 
define(BROWSE,'b')
define(CHANGE,'c') 
define(DELCOM,'d') 
define(ENTER,'e') 
define(PRINTFIL,'f') 
define(GLOBAL,'g') 
define(HELPCOM,'h')
define(INSERT,'i') 
define(JOINCOM,'j')
define(KOPYCOM,'k')
define(LIST,'l')
define(MOVECOM,'m') 
define(NREGCOM,'n')
define(QUIT,'q') 
define(READCOM,'r') 
define(SUBSTITUTE,'s') 
define(TYPESET,'t')
define(UNDELETE,'u')
define(WRITECOM,'w') 
define(EXCLUDE,'x') 

define(PRINTCUR,'=') 
define(COMMENT,'#')
define(PREVLINE,'-')
define(NEXTLINE,'+')
define(CURLINE,'.') 
define(LASTLINE,'$') 
define(BACKUPLINE,'-')
define(SCAN,'/') 
define(BACKSCAN,'\') 
define(SPAWNCOM,'^')
define(PIPECOM,'|')
define(PERCENCOM,'%')
define(REDIRECTCOM,'<')

define(PRINT,'p') 
define(MARKED,'y') 
define(NOMARK,'n') 
define(BACKWARD,-1) 
define(FORWARD,0) 
define(NOSTATUS,1) 
define(LINE0,1) 
define(MAX_LEVEL,2)
define(ABORTED,CHILD_ABORTED)	# abort flag

# definitions for fields of line descriptors

define(PREV,0) 
define(NEXT,1) 
define(CURR,2)
define(SEEKADR,2) 
define(MARK,3) 
define(LENG,4) 


ifdef(IN_MEM)
  define(BUFENT,3)		# number of words per line descriptor.
  define(MAXTXT,arith(MAX_ED_LINES,*,40))	# average chars/line.
elsedef
  define(BUFENT,arith(2,+,arith(CHAR_PER_LPTR,/,CHAR_PER_INT)))
enddef

# Calculate size of buffer array => BUFENT * (MAX_ED_LINES + 2).
# The 2 is to account for dummy lines before and after real lines.
define(MAXBUF,arith(BUFENT,*,arith(MAX_ED_LINES,+,2)))

# some definitions for the BROWSE command

define(SCREENSIZE,22)
define(FORWARD,'+')
define(CENTER,'.')
define(BACKWARD,'-')

define(MAXTBUFS,3)	# number of auxiliary text buffers ($1..$n)
define(MAXPROMPT,11)	# max length of prompt string


#
# definitions for virtual memory stuff
#

ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  define(RESIDENT_PAGES,8)	# permits 512 linepointers resident
  define(LINES_PER_PAGE,64)	# line pointers per virtual page
  define(PF_SIZE,arith(arith(arith(MAX_ED_LINES,+,1),/,LINES_PER_PAGE),+,1))
  define(MAXBUF,arith(arith(LINES_PER_PAGE,*,BUFENT),*,RESIDENT_PAGES))
  define(PAGE_SIZE,arith(arith(LINES_PER_PAGE,*,BUFENT),*,CHAR_PER_INT))
enddef
#-h- main            2376  asc  25-mar-82 07:42:53  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Ed -- Main routine for text editor.
DRIVER(ed)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
character  clower # function(s)
integer    ckglob, clrbuf, docmd, doglob, doread, getarg # function(s)
integer    getlst, prompt		  # function(s)
integer    i, len, status, cleard
include    cfile
include    clines
include    cpat
include    cbuf
include    cstack

ifdef(DO_AUTOIN)
  PB_DECL(512)
enddef

string pstr(MAXPROMPT) PROMPT_STRING
data print / YES /  # Print line counts by default.


call query( USE_STRING )
call inited
ifdef(DO_AUTOIN)
  call pbinit(512)
enddef
call setbuf
number = NO	# Default is no line numbers.
autoin = NO	# Default is no autoindent.
pat(1) = EOS
savfil(1) = EOS

# Pick up file name and possible flag(s)
for( i = 1 ; getarg( i, lin, MAXLINE) != EOF ; i = i + 1 )
{
  if( lin(1) == '-' )
  {
    if( lin(2) == EOS )
      print = NO
    else if( clower( lin(2) ) == 'n' )
      number = YES
    else if( clower( lin(2) ) == 'p' )
    {
      lin(arith(MAXPROMPT,+,2)) = EOS
      call scopy( lin, 3, pstr, 1)
    }
    else if (clower( lin(2) ) == 'v' )
      vrbs(1) = YES
  }
  else
  {
    call strcpy( lin, savfil)
    if( doread( 0, savfil, ENTER) == ERR )
      call remark( "?." )
  }
}

cleard = NO
for (level=1; level > 0; level = level - 1)
{
  repeat
  {
    ifdef(DO_ASTS)
      call setast(NO)
    enddef
    status = prompt( pstr, lin, desc(level))
    if (status == EOF)
      break
    if( status != ERR )
    {
      if (vrbs(level) == YES)
        call putlin(lin, ERROUT)
      i = 1
      cursav = curln
      if( getlst( lin, i, status) == OK )
      {
        if( ckglob( lin, i, status) == OK )
          status = doglob( lin, i, status)
        else if( status != ERR & status != ABORTED )
          status = docmd( lin, i, NO, status)
        # else error, do nothing
      }
    }
    if( status == ERR )
    {
      call remark( "?." )
      curln = cursav
    }
    ifdef(DO_ASTS)
      else if( status == ABORTED )
      {
        call remark( "...interrupted..." )
        curln = cursav
      }
    enddef
    else if( status == EOF )
      if (level > 1)
        break
      else if( clrbuf(QUIT) == OK ) # will return ERR if changes since last w
      {
        cleard = YES
        break
      }
    # else OK, loop
  }
  if (level > 1)
    call close(desc(level))
}
if (cleard == NO)
  status = clrbuf(EOF)
call ended
DRETURN
end
#-h- append           436  asc  25-mar-82 07:42:57  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Append -- Append lines after `line'.

integer    function append( line, glob)
integer    inject, inplin # function(s)
integer    glob, line
include    clines
include    csclin
include    cstack

if( glob == YES )
  return(ERR)

curln = line

repeat
{
  if( inplin( lin, desc(level), curln + 1 ) == EOF )
    return(EOF)
  else if( lin(1) == '.' & lin(2) == '@n' )
    return(OK)
  else if( inject(lin) == ERR )
    return(ERR)
}
end
#-h- browse           804  asc  25-mar-82 07:42:58  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Browse -- Display a screen of lines.

integer    function browse( line, lin, i)

character  direc, lin(ARB)
integer    curscr, i, lin1, lin2, line, screen
integer    ctoi, doprnt # function(s)

include    clines

data screen, curscr / SCREENSIZE, SCREENSIZE / 

if( lin(i) == '@n' )
{
  direc = FORWARD
  screen = curscr
}
else
{
  if( lin(i) == FORWARD | lin(i) == CENTER | lin(i) == BACKWARD )
  {
    direc = lin(i)
    i = i + 1
  }
  else
    direc = FORWARD
  screen = ctoi( lin, i) - 1
  if( screen <= 0 )
    screen = curscr
  else
    curscr = screen
}
if( direc == FORWARD )
  lin1 = line
else if( direc == CENTER )
  lin1 = line - ( screen / 2 )
else
  lin1 = line - screen
lin2 = lin1 + screen
lin1 = max( 1, lin1)
lin2 = min( lin2, lastln)
browse = doprnt( lin1, lin2, PRINT)

return
end
#-h- catsub          1246  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:01  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## CatSub -- Add replacement text to end of new. 

subroutine catsub( lin, from, to, sub, new, k, maxnew)
integer    addset, ctoi, itoc # function(s)
integer    from, i, j, junk, k, maxnew, to
character  c, lin(MAXLINE), new(maxnew), sub(MAXPAT)

I_CTAG # include tag common block
include    cnoreg

for( i = 1 ; sub(i) != EOS ; i = i + 1 )
{
  if( sub(i) == DITTO )
    for( j = from ; j < to ; j = j + 1 )
      junk = addset( lin(j), new, k, maxnew)
  else if( sub(i) == SECTION )
  {
    i = i + 1
    n = sub(i)
    if( n <= 0 | n > MAXTAG )
      call error( "? In CatSub: illegal section." )
    for( j = taglim( 2 * n - 1 ) ; j < taglim( 2 * n ) ; j = j + 1 )
      junk = addset( lin(j), new, k, maxnew)
  }
  else if( sub(i) == NUMBER_REGISTER )
  {
    k = k + itoc( noreg, new(k), maxnew - k + 1 )
    i = i + 1
    c = sub(i)
    if( c == '+' | c == '-' )
    {
      i = i + 1
      if( sub(i) != ' ' & sub(i) != '@t' )
      {
        junk = ctoi( sub, i)
        if( junk == 0 )
          junk = 1
      }
      else
        junk = 1
      if( c == '+' )
        noreg = noreg + junk
      else
        noreg = noreg - junk
    }
    i = i - 1 # went one too far
  }
  else
    junk = addset( sub(i), new, k, maxnew)
}
return
end
#-h- ckglob          1334  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:03  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## CkGlob -- If global prefix, mark lines to be affected.

integer    function ckglob( lin, i, status)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    defalt, getind, gettxt, match, nextln, optpat # function(s)
ifdef(DO_ASTS)
integer    getast # function(s)
integer    gotast
enddef
integer    gflag, i, k, line, status
character  clower # function(s)
include    cbuf
include    clines
include    cpat
include    ctxt

if( clower( lin(i) ) != GLOBAL & clower( lin(i) ) != EXCLUDE )
  status = EOF
else
{
  if( clower( lin(i) ) == GLOBAL )
    gflag = YES
  else
    gflag = NO
  i = i + 1
  if( optpat( lin, i) == ERR | defalt( 1, lastln, status) == ERR )
    status = ERR
  else
  {
    i = i + 1
    for( line = line1 ; line <= line2 ; line = line + 1 )
    {
      ifdef(DO_ASTS)
      if( getast(gotast) == YES )
      {
        status = ABORTED
        return(ABORTED)
      }
      enddef
      k = gettxt(line)
      if( match( txt, pat) == gflag )
        call setb( k, MARK, YES)
      else
        call setb( k, MARK, NO)
    }
    for( line = nextln(line2) ; line != line1 ; line = nextln(line) )
    {
      ifdef(DO_ASTS)
      if( getast(gotast) == YES )
      {
        status = ABORTED
        return(ABORTED)
      }
      enddef
      k = getind(line)
      call setb( k, MARK, NO)
    }
    status = OK
  }
}
return(status)
end
#-h- ckp              363  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:05  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## CkP - Check for `p' or `l' after command.

integer    function ckp( lin, i, pflag, status)
character  c, lin(MAXLINE)
integer    i, j, pflag, status
character  clower # function(s)

j = i
c = clower( lin(j) )
if( c == PRINT | c == LIST )
{
  j = j + 1
  pflag = c
}
else
  pflag = NO

if( lin(j) == '@n' )
  status = OK
else
  status = ERR

return(status)
end
#-h- clrbuf           831  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:05  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## ClrBuf -- Clear buffer if user is serious.

integer    function clrbuf(comand)

character  comand

integer    junk
integer    isatty, prompt, remove # function(s)

include    clines
include    csclin

ifnotdef( IN_MEM )
include    cscrat
enddef

ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  include cvfile
enddef

ifdef(prompt)
  string null ""
enddef
string pstr "Are you SURE? (y means YES) "

if( comand != EOF & ifmod == YES & isatty(STDIN) == YES )
{
  junk = prompt( pstr, lin, STDIN)
  if( lin(1) != 'y' & lin(1) != 'Y' )
    return(ERR)
}

ifnotdef( IN_MEM ) # Remove scratch file, if used.
call close(scr)
junk = remove(scrfil)
enddef
ifdef(prompt)
  if (comand == QUIT)
    call logend(null, junk)
enddef

ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  if (virunt != ERR)
    {
    call close(virunt)
    junk = remove(vpfile)
    call virint
    }
enddef

return(OK)
end
#-h- conct            465  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:06  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Conct -- Concat line to next line if necessary.

integer    function conct( nbr, lin)

integer    i, junk, nbr
integer    gettxt # function(s)
character  lin(ARB)

include    clines
include    ctxt

for( i = 1 ; lin(i) != EOS ; i = i + 1 )	# check for lack of '@n'
  if( lin(i) == '@n' )
    return(OK)

if( nbr + 1 > lastln )	# no next line
  return(ERR)

junk = gettxt( nbr + 1 )
call scopy( txt, 1, lin, i)
call delete( nbr + 1, nbr + 1, junk)
return(OK)
end
#-h- defalt           277  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:07  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Defalt -- Set defaulted line numbers.

integer    function defalt( def1, def2, status)
integer    def1, def2, status
include    clines

if( nlines == 0 )
{
  line1 = def1
  line2 = def2
}
if( line1 > line2 | line1 <= 0 )
  status = ERR
else
  status = OK
return(status)
end
#-h- delete           698  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:09  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Delete -- Delete lines `from' through `to'.

integer    function delete( from, to, status)
integer    getind, nextln, prevln # function(s)
integer    from, k1, k2, status, to
include    cdel
include    clines

if( from <= 0 )
  status = ERR
else
{
  if( delcnt != 0 )		# Return last lines deleted to free list.
    call ptfndx( fstdel, lstdel)
  fstdel = getind(from)		# Save index of first line deleted.
  lstdel = getind(to)		# Save index of last  line deleted.
  k1 = getind( prevln(from) )
  k2 = getind( nextln(to) )
  delcnt = to - from + 1	# Save number of lines deleted.
  lastln = lastln - delcnt
  curln = prevln(from)
  call relink( k1, k2, k1, k2)
  status = OK
}
return(status)
end
#-h- docmd           4453  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:13  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoCmd -- Handle all editor commands except globals.

integer function docmd( lin, i, glob, status)
character file(MAXLINE), lin(MAXLINE), sub(MAXPAT)
character clower, comand
integer   append, delete, doprnt, doread, dowrit, lmove, subst, undel
integer   ckp, defalt, getfn, getone, getrhs, nextln, optpat, prevln
integer   typset, dojoin, donreg, dopip, doset
integer   gflag, glob, i, line3, pflag, status, kopy, dospwn, browse
integer   clrbuf, dostak

include cfile
include clines
include cpat
 
pflag = NO			# may be set by d, m, s
status = ERR
comand = clower( lin(i))	# Make sure comparing with lower case.
i = i + 1			# Point at next character.

if( comand == 's' ) # Process SET command as special case for now...
  andif( lin(i) == 'e' | lin(i) == 'E' )
  {
    status = doset( lin, i)
    return(status)
  }

select(comand)
{
  case APPENDCOM:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' )
      status = append( line2, glob)

  case CHANGE:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' )
      andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
        andif( delete( line1, line2, status) == OK )
          status = append( prevln(line1), glob)

  case DELCOM:
    if( ckp( lin, i, pflag, status) == OK )
      andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
        andif( delete( line1, line2, status) == OK )
          andif( nextln(curln) != 0 )
            curln = nextln(curln)

  case HELPCOM:
  {
    call dohelp
    status = OK
  }

  case INSERT:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' )
      status = append( prevln(line2), glob)

  case JOINCOM:
    if( ckp( lin, i, pflag, status) == OK )
      andif( defalt( curln, nextln(curln), status) == OK )
        status = dojoin( line1, line2)

  case PRINTCUR:
    if( ckp(lin, i, pflag, status) == OK )
    {
      call putdec( line2, 1)
      call putc('@n')
    }

  case NREGCOM:
    status = donreg( lin, i)

  case MOVECOM:
  {
    if( getone( lin, i, line3, status) == EOF )
      status = ERR
    if( status == OK )
      andif( ckp( lin, i, pflag, status) == OK )
        andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
          status = lmove(line3)
  }

  case KOPYCOM:
  {
    if( getone( lin, i, line3, status) == EOF )
      status = ERR
    if( status == OK )
      andif( ckp( lin, i, pflag, status) == OK )
        andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
          status = kopy(line3)
  }

  case SUBSTITUTE:
    if( optpat( lin, i) == OK )
      andif( getrhs( lin, i, sub, gflag) == OK )
        andif( ckp( lin, i + 1, pflag, status) == OK )
          andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
            status = subst( sub, gflag)

  case SPAWNCOM:
    status = dospwn( lin, i)

  case ENTER:
    if( nlines == 0 )
      andif( getfn( lin, i, file) == OK )
        if( clrbuf(ENTER) == OK )
        {
          call strcpy( file, savfil)
          call setbuf
          status = doread( 0, file, ENTER)
        }
        else
          status = OK

  case PRINTFIL:
    if( nlines == 0 )
      andif( getfn( lin, i, file) == OK )
      {
        call strcpy( file, savfil)
        call putlin(savfil, STDOUT)
        call putc('@n')
        status = OK
      }

  case READCOM:
    if( getfn( lin, i, file) == OK )
      status = doread( line2, file, READCOM)

  case WRITECOM:
    if( getfn( lin, i, file) == OK )
      andif( defalt( 1, lastln, status) == OK )
        status = dowrit( line1, line2, file)

  case PRINT, LIST:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' )
      andif( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
        status = doprnt( line1, line2, comand)

  case BROWSE:
    if( defalt( curln, curln, status) == OK )
      status = browse( line2, lin, i)

  case COMMENT:
    status = OK

  case BACKUPLINE:
  {
    if( nlines == 0 )
      line2 = prevln(curln)
    status = doprnt( line2, line2, PRINT)
  }

  case QUIT:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' & nlines == 0 & glob == NO )
      status = EOF

  case TYPESET:
    status = typset( lin, i)

  case UNDELETE:
    if( lin(i) == '@n' )
      status = undel( line2, glob)

  case PERCENCOM:
  {
    call percen
    status = OK
  }

  case PIPECOM:
    if (defalt(1, lastln, status) == OK)
      status = dopip( line1, line2, lin, i)

  case REDIRECTCOM:
    status = dostak(lin, i)

  case '@n':
  {
    if( nlines == 0 )
      line2 = nextln(curln)
    status = doprnt( line2, line2, PRINT)
  }
}

# If none of the above were executed, status is ERR.
if( status == OK )
  andif( pflag == PRINT | pflag == LIST )
    status = doprnt( curln, curln, pflag)

return(status)
end
#-h- doglob          1220  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:16  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoGlob -- Do command at lin(i) on all marked lines.

integer    function doglob( lin, i, status)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    docmd, getind, getlst, nextln, prompt
integer    value(2)
ifdef(DO_ASTS)
integer    getast # function(s)
integer    gotast
enddef
integer    count, i, istart, k, line, status, last
include    cbuf
include    clines
include    cstack

string gpstr "g_"

for( last = length(lin) ; lin( last - 1 ) == '@@' ; last = length(lin) )
{
  lin( last - 1 ) = '@n'
  junk = prompt( gpstr, lin(last), desc(level))
}
status = OK
count = 0
line = line1
istart = i
repeat
{
  ifdef(DO_ASTS)
  if( getast(gotast) == YES )
  {
    status = ABORTED
    return(ABORTED)
  }
  enddef
  k = getind(line)
  call getb( k, MARK, value)
  if( value(1) == YES )
  {
    call setb( k, MARK, NO)
    cursav = line
    i = istart
    repeat
    {
      curln = line
      if( getlst( lin, i, status) == OK )
        andif( docmd( lin, i, YES, status) == OK )
          count = 0
      while( lin(i) != '@n' )
        i = i + 1
      i = i + 1
      if( lin(i) == EOS )
        break
    }
  }
  else
  {
    line = nextln(line)
    count = count + 1
  }
}
until( count > lastln | status != OK )

return(status)
end
#-h- dohelp           277  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:17  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoHelp -- Print help file.

subroutine dohelp

integer    open # function(s)
filedes    fd

string hlpfil "~bin/ed.hlp"

fd = open( hlpfil, READ)
if( fd != ERR )
{
  call fcopy( fd, STDOUT)
  call close(fd)
}
else
  call remark( "Sorry, no help is available." )

return
end
#-h- dojoin          1139  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:17  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoJoin -- Join (from,to) into one line.

integer    function dojoin( from, to)

integer    from, to
integer    i, j, junk, k, savcln, status
integer    delete, gettxt, injext, prevln # function(s)

include    clines
include    csclin
include    ctxt

if( from <= 0 )
  status = ERR
else
{
  status = OK
  if( from < to )
  {
    j = 1
    for( i = from ; i <= to ; i = i + 1 )
    {
      junk = gettxt(i)
      if( 1 < j & j < MAXCARD ) # Ensure whitespace.
        if( lin( j - 1 ) != ' ' & lin( j - 1 ) != '@t' )
          if( txt(1) != ' ' & txt(1) != '@t' )
          {
            lin(j) = ' ' # add whitespace
            j = j + 1
          }
      for( k = 1 ; txt(k) != '@n' & txt(k) != EOS ; k = k + 1 )
        if( j >= MAXCARD )
        {
          status = ERR
          break 2
        }
      else
      {
        lin(j) = txt(k)
        j = j + 1
      }
    }
    lin(j) = '@n'
    lin( j + 1 ) = EOS
    if( status == OK )
    {
      savcln = curln
      curln = prevln(curln)
      if( delete( from, to, status) == OK )
        status = inject(lin)
      else
        curln = savcln
    }
  }
}

return(status)
end
#-h- donreg           731  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:18  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoNReg -- Process number register commands.

integer    function donreg( lin, i)

character  lin(ARB), op
integer    dif, i, j, pflag, status
integer    ctoi, index # function(s)

include    cnoreg

string legal "=+-"

status = OK
pflag = NO
if( lin(i) == '@n' )
  pflag = YES
else
{
  op = lin(i)
  if( index( legal, op) == 0 )
    status = ERR
  else
  {
    j = i + 1
    dif = ctoi( lin, j)
    if( dif == 0 & op != '=' )
      dif = 1
    if( op == '+' )
      noreg = noreg + dif
    else if( op == '=' )
      noreg = dif
    else
      noreg = noreg - dif
    if( lin(j) == 'p' | lin(j) == 'P' )
      pflag = YES
  }
}
if( status == OK & pflag == YES )
{
  call putdec( noreg, 1)
  call putc('@n')
}
return(status)
end
#-h- dopip            954  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:20  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoPip -- Pipe the current buffer through other tools.

integer    function dopip( l1, l2, lin, i)

integer    dospwn, dowrit, getwrd, length, remove # function(s)
integer    i, j, k, len, modtmp, prttmp, status, l1, l2, junk
character  lin(ARB)

include    clines
include    cspwn

string blkles " <"
string seed   "pip"

modtmp = ifmod # Save state of ifmod flag
prttmp = print # Save state of print flag
print = NO

call scratf(  seed, filara)
if( dowrit( l1, l2, filara) != ERR )
{
  j = i
  len = getwrd( lin, j, argara) # Extract verb.
  k = j # stash index of rest of command
  j = len + 1
  call stcopy( blkles, 1, argara, j)
  call stcopy( filara, 1, argara, j)
  call stcopy( lin, k, argara, j)
  j = 1
  status = dospwn( argara, j)
}
else
{
  call remark(  "? Can't create scratch file." )
  status = ERR
}

junk = remove(filara)

ifmod = modtmp # Restore state of ifmod flag
print = prttmp # Restore state of print flag

return(status)
end
#-h- doprnt          1059  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:23  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoPrnt -- Print lines `from' through `to'.

integer    function doprnt( from, to, comand)
integer    gettxt # function(s)
integer    from, i, j, k, to
ifdef( DO_ASTS )
integer    getast # function(s)
integer    gotast
enddef
character  c, comand
include    clines
include    ctxt

if( from <= 0 )
  return(ERR)
else
{
  for( i = from ; i <= to ; i = i + 1 )
  {
    ifdef( DO_ASTS )
    if( getast(gotast) == YES )
      return(ABORTED)
    enddef
    j = gettxt(i)
    call ptlnum( i, STDOUT) # Output line number, if requested.
    if( comand == PRINT )
      call putlin( txt, STDOUT)
    else
    {
      for( k = 1 ; txt(k) != EOS ; k = k + 1 )
      {
        if( txt(k) >= ' ' )
          call putch( txt(k), STDOUT)
        else if( txt(k) == '@n' ) # Make end-of-lines visible
        {
          call putch( '$', STDOUT)
          call putch( '@n', STDOUT)
        }
        else
        {
          call putch( '^', STDOUT)
          c = txt(k) + '@@'
          call putch( c, STDOUT)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  curln = to
  return(OK)
}
end
#-h- doread          1062  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:25  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoRead -- Read `file' into scratch after `line'.

integer    function doread( line, file, comand)
character  comand, file(MAXLINE)
filedes    fd
filedes    open # function(s)
integer    access, getlin, inject, remove # function(s)
integer    count, line, junk
include    clines
include    cfile
include    csclin
include    cstack

if( comand == ENTER )		# enter new file - open at READWRITE
  access = READWRITE
else				# read command - open at READ
  access = READ
call findit( file, lin) # Translate text buffer names.
fd = open( lin, access)
if( fd == ERR )
  return(ERR)
else
{
  curln = line
  doread = OK
  for( count = 0 ; getlin( lin, fd) != EOF ; count = count + 1 )
  {
    doread = inject(lin)
    if( doread == ERR )
      break
  }
  call close(fd)
  if ((print == YES & level == 1) | vrbs(level) == YES)
  {
    call putdec( count, 1)
    call putc('@n')
  }
  if( comand == ENTER )
  {
    ifmod = NO		# Reset modified-since-last-write switch.
    if( count == 0 )	# Kill the zombie. (dpm 15-Jul-81)
      junk = remove(file)
  }
}
return
end
#-h- doset            609  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:27  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
### DoSet	Process SET command for editor.

integer		function doset( lin, ndx)

character	cmdwrd(FILENAMESIZE), lin(ARB)
integer		i, j, junk, ndx, set
integer		getwrd, indexs # function(s)
include		clines


i = ndx + 1
if( lin(i) == 't' | lin(i) == 'T' )	# Skip `t' in `set'.
  i = i + 1

junk = getwrd( lin, i, cmdwrd)
call fold(cmdwrd)

if( cmdwrd(1) == 'n' & cmdwrd(2) == 'o' )	# Determine polarity.
{
  set = NO
  j = 3
}
else
{
  set = YES
  j = 1
}

if( cmdwrd(j) == 'a' )	# Autoindent option.
  autoin = set
else if( cmdwrd(j) == 'n' )	# Number option.
  number = set
else
  return(ERR)

return(OK)
end
#-h- dospwn          1131  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:30  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoSpwn - Spawn a shell command from within the editor.

integer    function dospwn(lin, i)

character  lin(ARB), proces(FILENAMESIZE), args(ARGBUFSIZE), desc(PIDSIZE)
integer    i, j, spawn, init, k, int, create, loccom

include    ctbufs

string sh "sh"
string suffix IMAGE_SUFFIX
data init / YES / 

if( init == YES )
{
  call impath(args) # get search path
  if( loccom( sh, args, suffix, proces) != BINARY )
  {
    call remark( "? Cannot find `sh' image file." )
    return(ERR)
  }
  k = 1
  call stcopy( sh, 1, args, k)
  call chcopy( ' ', args, k)
  for( j = 1 ; j <= MAXTBUFS ; j = j + 1 )
  {
    call stcopy( edtbuf( 1, j), 1, args, k)
    args(k) = ' '
    k = k + 1
  }
  args(k) = EOS
  init = NO
}

call skipbl( lin, i) # extra blanks not necessary
if (lin(i) == '@n' | lin(i) == EOS)
  status = spawn(proces, sh, desc, WAIT)
else
  {
  int = create (edtbuf(1,1), WRITE)
  if (int == ERR)
    status = ERR
  else
    {
    for (j=i; lin(j) != EOS; j=j+1)
      call putch(lin(j), int)
    call close(int)
    status = spawn(proces, args, desc, WAIT)
    }
  }
if (status != OK)
  status = ERR

return(status)
end
#-h- dostak           666  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:32  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
integer function dostak(line, i)

character line(ARB), file(FILENAMESIZE)
integer i
integer getwrd, loccom, index
filedes unit
filedes open

include cstack
include csclin

string suffix ".ed@e@n"

if (level >= MAX_LEVEL)
  return(ERR)
else if (getwrd(line, i, lin) == 0)
  return(ERR)
else
  {
  call findit(lin, file)
  call impath(lin)
  if (loccom(file, lin, suffix, file) != ASCII)
    return(ERR)
  else
    {
    unit = open(file, READ)
    level = level + 1
    desc(level) = unit
    vrbs(level) = NO
    if (getwrd(line, i, file) > 0)
      {
      call fold(file)
      if (index(file, 'v') > 0)
        vrbs(level) = YES
      }
    }
  }

return(OK)
end
#-h- dowrit          1040  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:34  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## DoWrit -- Write `from' through `to' into file.

integer    function dowrit( from, to, file)
character  file(MAXLINE), lin(FILENAMESIZE)
filedes    fd
integer    create, gettxt # function(s)
integer    from, k, line, to, access
include    ctxt
include    clines
include    cfile
include    cstack

access = WRITE
k = 1
if (file(1) == '>')		# have >file | >>file
  {
  k = 2
  if (file(2) == '>')		# have >>file
    {
    k = 3
    access = APPEND
    }
  }
call scopy(file, k, txt, 1)
call findit( txt, lin) # Translate text buffer names.
fd = create( lin, access)
if( fd == ERR )
{
  call putlin(  "? Can't write output file named `", ERROUT)
  call putlin( file, ERROUT)
  call remark(  "'." )
  return(ERR)
}
else
{
  for( line = from ; line <= to ; line = line + 1 )
  {
    k = gettxt(line)
    call putlin( txt, fd)
  }
  call close(fd)
  if ((print == YES & level == 1) | vrbs(level) == YES)
  {
    call putdec( to - from + 1, 1)
    call putc('@n')
  }
  ifmod = NO # Reset "modified since last write" switch.
  return(OK)
}
end
#-h- ended            206  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:37  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## EndEd -- Cleanup routine for the editor.

subroutine ended

integer    i, junk
integer    remove

include    ctbufs

for( i = 1 ; i <= MAXTBUFS ; i = i + 1 )
  junk = remove( edtbuf( 1, i) )

return
end
#-h- findit           346  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:38  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## FindIt -- Translate `$n' buffer names into scratch file names.

subroutine findit( in, out)

character  in(ARB), out(ARB)
integer    i, n
integer    ctoi # function(s)

include    ctbufs

call strcpy( in, out)
if( in(1) == '$' )
{
  i = 2
  n = ctoi( in, i) + 1
  if( 1 < n & n <= MAXTBUFS )
    call strcpy( edtbuf( 1, n), out)
}

return
end
#-h- getb             800  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:40  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetB -- Retrieve `value' of `type' in buf(ndx).

subroutine getb( virndx, type, value)

integer    virndx, type, ndx
integer    value(2) 	# In-memory version uses only value(1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  integer xindex
  integer virphy
enddef

include    cbuf

ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  xindex = virphy(virndx, ndx)
elsedef
  ndx = virndx
enddef
if( type == PREV ) # The leftmost bit of this word holds MARK.
  value(1) = abs( buf( ndx + PREV ) )
else if( type == NEXT )
  value(1) = buf( ndx + NEXT )
else if( type == MARK )
{
  if( buf( ndx + PREV ) < 0 )
    value(1) = YES
  else
    value(1) = NO
}
ifdef( IN_MEM )
else if( type == CURR )
  value(1) = buf( ndx + CURR )
elsedef
else if( type == SEEKADR )
{
  value(1) = buf( ndx + SEEKADR )
  value(2) = buf( ndx + arith(SEEKADR,+,1) )
}
enddef

return
end
#-h- getfn            528  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:42  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetFN -- Get file name from `lin(i)'.

integer    function getfn( lin, i, file)
character  file(MAXLINE), lin(MAXLINE)
integer    i, j, k
include    cfile

getfn = ERR
if( lin(i) == ' ' | lin(i) == '@t' )
{
  j = i + 1 # get new file name
  call skipbl( lin, j)
  for( k = 1 ; lin(j) != '@n' ; k = k + 1 )
  {
    file(k) = lin(j)
    j = j + 1
  }
  file(k) = EOS
  if( k > 1 )
    getfn = OK
}
else if( lin(i) == '@n' & savfil(1) != EOS )
{
  call strcpy( savfil, file) # or old name
  getfn = OK
}
# else error
return
end
#-h- getind           703  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:44  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetInd -- Locate line index in buffer.

integer    function getind(line)
integer    j, k, line
integer    nextln, prevln # function(s)
include    clines
data oldndx / ERR / 
data oldlin /  -2 / 

if( oldndx != ERR & line == nextln(oldlin) & line != 0 )
  call getb( oldndx, NEXT, k)
else if( oldndx != ERR & line == oldlin )
  k = oldndx
else if( oldndx != ERR & line == prevln(oldlin) )
  call getb( oldndx, PREV, k)
else
{
  k = LINE0
  if( line < lastln / 2 )
    for( j = 0 ; j < line ; j = j + 1 )		# search forward
      call getb( k, NEXT, k)
  else
    for( j = lastln ; j >= line ; j = j - 1 )	# search backwards
      call getb( k, PREV, k)
}
oldlin = line
oldndx = k
getind = k
return
end
#-h- getlst           576  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:46  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetLst -- Collect line numbers at `lin(i)'; increment `i'.

integer    function getlst( lin, i, status)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    getone # function(s)
integer    i, num, status
include    clines

line2 = 0
for( nlines = 0 ; getone( lin, i, num, status) == OK ;  )
{
  line1 = line2
  line2 = num
  nlines = nlines + 1
  if( lin(i) != ',' & lin(i) != ';' )
    break
  if( lin(i) == ';' )
    curln = num
  i = i + 1
}
nlines = min( nlines, 2)
if( nlines == 0 )
  line2 = curln
if( nlines <= 1 )
  line1 = line2
if( status != ERR )
  status = OK
return(status)
end
#-h- getnum          1145  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:48  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetNum -- Convert one term to line number.

integer    function getnum( lin, i, pnum, status)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    ctoi, index, length, optpat, ptscan # function(s)
integer    i, j, pnum, status

include    clines
include    cpat
string digits "0123456789"
string pnl "p@n"

getnum = OK
if( index( digits, lin(i) ) > 0 )
{
  pnum = ctoi( lin, i)
  i = i - 1 # move back; to be advanced at the end
}
else if( lin(i) == CURLINE )
  pnum = curln
else if( lin(i) == LASTLINE )
  pnum = lastln
else if( lin(i) == PREVLINE )
  pnum = curln - 1
else if( lin(i) == NEXTLINE )
  pnum = curln + 1
else if( lin(i) == SCAN | lin(i) == BACKSCAN )
{
  if( index( lin( i + 1 ), lin(i) ) == 0 ) # Add matching delim to line.
  {
    j = length(lin)
    call chcopy( lin(i), lin, j)
    call stcopy( pnl, 1, lin, j) # Add ``p'' to force print.
  }
  if( optpat( lin, i) == ERR ) # build the pattern
    getnum = ERR
  else if( lin(i) == SCAN )
    getnum = ptscan( FORWARD, pnum)
  else
    getnum = ptscan( BACKWARD, pnum)
}
else
  getnum = EOF
if( getnum == OK )
  i = i + 1 # point at next character to be examined
status = getnum
return
end
#-h- getone           866  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:50  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetOne -- Evaluate one line number expression.

integer    function getone( lin, i, num, status)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    getnum # function(s)
integer    i, istart, mul, num, pnum, status
include    clines

istart = i
num = 0
call skipbl( lin, i)
if( getnum( lin, i, num, status) == OK ) # first term
  repeat # + or - terms
  {
    call skipbl( lin, i)
    if( lin(i) != '+' & lin(i) != '-' )
    {
      status = EOF
      break
    }
    if( lin(i) == '+' )
      mul =  +1
    else
      mul =  -1
    i = i + 1
    call skipbl( lin, i)
    if( getnum( lin, i, pnum, status) == OK )
      num = num + mul * pnum
    if( status == EOF )
      status = ERR
  }
  until( status != OK )

if( num < 0 | num > lastln )
  status = ERR

if( status == ERR )
  getone = ERR
else if( i <= istart )
  getone = EOF
else
  getone = OK

status = getone
return
end
#-h- getrhs           686  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:52  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetRHS -- Get substitution string for `s' command.

integer    function getrhs( lin, i, sub, gflag)
character  lin(MAXLINE), sub(MAXPAT)
integer    index, length, maksub # function(s)
integer    gflag, i, j
character  clower # function(s)

string pnl "p@n"

getrhs = ERR
if( lin(i) == EOS )
  return
if( lin( i + 1 ) == EOS )
  return
if( index( lin( i + 1 ), lin(i) ) == 0 ) # Insert matching delim at end.
{
  j = length(lin)
  call chcopy( lin(i), lin, j)
  call stcopy( pnl, 1, lin, j) # Add ``p'' to force print.
}
i = maksub( lin, i + 1, lin(i), sub)
if( i == ERR )
  return
if( clower( lin( i + 1 ) ) == GLOBAL )
{
  i = i + 1
  gflag = YES
}
else
  gflag = NO
return(OK)
end
#-h- gettxt           603  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:55  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GetTxt -- Locate text for line and make available.

integer    function gettxt(line)

integer    getind # function(s)
integer    j
integer    loc(2) # In-memory version uses only loc(1)
integer    line
include    cbuf
include    ctxt

ifnotdef( IN_MEM )
  include    cscrat
elsedef
  include ctbuf
enddef

string null ""

j = getind(line)
ifdef( IN_MEM )
  call getb( j, CURR, loc)
  call scopy( tbuf, loc(1), txt, 1)
elsedef
  if( line != 0 )
  {
    call getb( j, SEEKADR, loc)
    call seek( loc, scr)
    call readfl( txt, dummy, scr)
  }
  else
    call strcpy( null, txt)
enddef

return(j)
end
#-h- gtfndx           372  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:55  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## GtFNdx -- Get index of free line descriptor.

integer    function gtfndx(newind)

include    cbuf

if( free != 0 ) # something in free list
{
  newind = free
  call getb( free, NEXT, free) # relink free list
}
else if( lastbf + BUFENT <= arith(arith(MAX_ED_LINES,+,2),*,BUFENT) )
{
  newind = lastbf
  lastbf = lastbf + BUFENT
}
else
  newind = ERR

return(newind)
end
#-h- inited           591  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:56  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## InitEd -- Initialization routine for text editor.

subroutine inited

character  num(2)
integer    i, j, junk
integer    itoc # function(s)

include    ctbufs
include    cnoreg
include    cstack

string edt "edt"

for( j = 1 ; j <= MAXTBUFS ; j = j + 1 )
{
  i = j - 1
  junk = itoc( i, num, 2)
  edt(3) = num(1)
  call scratf( edt, edtbuf( 1, j) )
}
noreg = 0	# Initialize number register.
level = 1	# initialize input stack level
vrbs(1) = NO	# first level not verbose
desc(1) = STDIN	# unit for first level
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  call virint	# initialize virtual memory
enddef

return
end
#-h- inject           471  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:57  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Inject -- Insert `lin' after `curln', write scratch.

integer    function inject(lin)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    getind, maklin, nextln # function(s)
integer    i, k1, k2, k3
include    clines

for( i = 1 ; lin(i) != EOS ;  )
{
  i = maklin( lin, i, k3)
  if( i == ERR )
    return(ERR)
  k1 = getind(curln)
  k2 = getind( nextln(curln) )
  call relink( k1, k3, k3, k2)
  call relink( k3, k2, k1, k3)
  curln = curln + 1
  lastln = lastln + 1
}
return(OK)
end
#-h- inplin           904  asc  25-mar-82 07:43:58  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## InpLin -- Conditionally output line number, then get line.

integer    function inplin( lin, chn, num)

character  lin(ARB), pstr(9)
integer    chn, i, n, num
integer    itoc, prompt # function(s)

include    clines

ifdef(DO_AUTOIN)
  string indstr(MAXLINE) ""
enddef
string tail "=>"

if( number == YES )
{
  n = itoc( num, pstr, 7)	# format number no wider than 6 chars
  for( i = 6 ; i > 0 ; [i = i - 1; n = n - 1] ) # right justify, blank fill
    if (n > 0)
      pstr(i) = pstr(n)
    else
      pstr(i) = ' '
  call scopy( tail, 1, pstr, 7)
}
else
  pstr(1) = EOS
ifdef(DO_AUTOIN)
  if( autoin == YES )	# Perform autoindent.
    call pbstr(indstr)
enddef
inplin = prompt( pstr, lin, chn)
ifdef(DO_AUTOIN)
  if( autoin == YES )	# Remember indentation of line.
  {
    for( i = 1 ; lin(i) == ' ' | lin(i) == '@t' ; i = i + 1 )
      indstr(i) = lin(i)
    indstr(i) = EOS
  }
enddef

return
end
#-h- kopy             501  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:00  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Kopy -- Kopy a range of lines.

integer    function kopy(line3)

integer    junk, line3, nline, offset
integer    gettxt, inject # function(s)

include    clines
include    ctxt

if( line1 <= 0 )
  kopy = ERR
else
{
  kopy = OK
  curln = line3
  for( nline = line1 ; nline <= line2 ; nline = nline + 1 )
  {
    if( nline > line3 )
      offset = nline - line1
    else
      offset = 0
    junk = gettxt( nline + offset )
    kopy = inject(txt)
    if( kopy == ERR )
      break
  }
}

return
end
#-h- lmove            743  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:02  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## LMove -- Move `line1' through `line2' after `line3'.

integer    function lmove(line3)
integer    getind, nextln, prevln # function(s)
integer    delta, k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, line3
include    clines

if( line1 <= 0 | ( line1 <= line3 & line3 <= line2 ) )
  lmove = ERR
else
{
  k0 = getind( prevln(line1) )
  k3 = getind( nextln(line2) )
  k1 = getind(line1)
  k2 = getind(line2)
  call relink( k0, k3, k0, k3)
  delta = line2 - line1 + 1
  lastln = lastln - delta
  if( line3 > line1 )
  {
    curln = line3
    line3 = line3 - delta
  }
  else
    curln = line3 + delta
  k4 = getind(line3)
  k5 = getind( nextln(line3) )
  call relink( k4, k1, k2, k5)
  call relink( k2, k5, k4, k1)
  lastln = lastln + delta
  lmove = OK
}
return
end
#-h- maklin          1383  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:04  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## MakLin -- Enter new line into memory.

integer    function maklin( lin, i, newind)

character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    addset, gtfndx, note # function(s)
integer    i, j, junk, newind, newptr
include    cbuf
include    ctxt
include    clines
ifdef( IN_MEM )
include    ctbuf
elsedef
integer    txtend
include    cscrat
enddef

maklin = ERR
oldndx = ERR

if( gtfndx(newind) == ERR )
{
  call remark(  "? Line descriptor space limit exceeded." )
  return
}
ifdef( IN_MEM )
if( ( txtend + MAXLINE ) > MAXTXT )
{
  call remark( "? Text space limit exceeded." )
  return
}
newptr = txtend
for( j = i ; lin(j) != EOS ;  )
{
  junk = addset( lin(j), tbuf, txtend, MAXTXT)
  j = j + 1
  if( lin( j - 1 ) == '@n' )
    break
}
if( addset( EOS, tbuf, txtend, MAXTXT) == NO )
{
  call ptfndx( newind, newind) # Return line descriptor to free list.
  return
}
call setb( newind, CURR, newptr) # Set pointer to new text.
elsedef
txtend = 1
for( j = i ; lin(j) != EOS ;  )
{
  junk = addset( lin(j), txt, txtend, MAXLINE)
  j = j + 1
  if( lin( j - 1 ) == '@n' )
    break
}
if( addset( EOS, txt, txtend, MAXLINE) == NO )
{
  call ptfndx( newind, newind) # Return free block index.
  return
}
call setb( newind, SEEKADR, scrend)
call seek( scrend, scr)
call putlin( txt, scr)
junk = note(scrend, scr)
enddef

call setb( newind, MARK, NO)

return(j) # Next character to be examined in lin.

end
#-h- maksub           937  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:07  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## MakSub -- Make substitution string in `sub'.

integer    function maksub( arg, from, delim, sub)
character  esc # function(s)
character  arg(MAXARG), delim, sub(MAXPAT)
integer    addset, ctoi, type # function(s)
integer    from, i, j, junk

j = 1
for( i = from ; arg(i) != delim & arg(i) != EOS ; i = i + 1 )
{
  if( arg(i) == AND )
    junk = addset( DITTO, sub, j, MAXPAT)
  else if( arg(i) == '$' & type( arg( i + 1 ) ) == DIGIT )
  {
    i = i + 1
    n = ctoi( arg, i)
    junk = addset( SECTION, sub, j, MAXPAT)
    junk = addset( n, sub, j, MAXPAT)
    i = i - 1
  }
  else if( arg(i) == '$' & ( arg(i+1) == 'n' | arg(i+1) == 'N' ) )
  {
    i = i + 1
    junk = addset( NUMBER_REGISTER, sub, j, MAXPAT)
  }
  else
    junk = addset( esc( arg, i), sub, j, MAXPAT)
}

if( arg(i) != delim ) # missing delimiter 
  maksub = ERR
else if( addset( EOS, sub, j, MAXPAT) == NO ) # no room 
  maksub = ERR
else
  maksub = i
return
end
#-h- mapphy           786  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:09  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  subroutine mapphy(i)
  
  integer i, n, j, pnd, junk
  integer note
  filedes create
  
  include cvirt
  include cvfile
  include clru
  
  string vpf "vpf"
  
  if (virunt == ERR)
    {
    call scratf(vpf, vpfile)
    virunt = create(vpfile, B_READWRITE)
    if (virunt == ERR)
      call error("Cannot open paging file.")
    junk = note(virend, virunt)
    }
  n = lrup(1)			# lru header to be paged
  j = pfnp(n)			# page frame index of outgoing page
  pnd = abs(phyind(j))		# save physical index of page
  call pagout(j)			# page out, if dirty
  phyind(i) = pnd			# physical index of incoming page
  call pagin(i)			# page it into memory
  pfnp(n) = i			# page 'i' is now mapped
  call mruset(n)			# make n the most recently used page
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- mruset           376  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:11  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  subroutine mruset(n)
  
  integer n, i, j
  
  include clru
  
  if (n != 1)
    {
    j = lrup(n)		# unlink n from list
    i = mrup(n)		# ...
    mrup(j) = i		# ...
    lrup(i) = j		# ...
    i = mrup(1)		# link n into MRU position
    mrup(1) = n		# ...
    lrup(i) = n		# ...
    lrup(n) = 1		# ...
    mrup(n) = i		# ...
    }
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- nextln           168  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:12  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## NextLn - Get line after `line'.

integer    function nextln(line)
integer    line
include    clines

nextln = line + 1
if( nextln > lastln )
  nextln = 0
return
end
#-h- optpat           497  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:14  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## OptPat -- Make pattern if specified at `lin(i)'.

integer    function optpat( lin, i)
character  lin(MAXLINE)
integer    makpat # function(s)
integer    i
include    cpat

if( lin(i) == EOS )
  i = ERR
else if( lin( i + 1 ) == EOS )
  i = ERR
else if( lin( i + 1 ) == lin(i) ) # repeated delimiter
  i = i + 1 # leave existing pattern alone
else
  i = makpat( lin, i + 1, lin(i), pat)
if( pat(1) == EOS )
  i = ERR
if( i == ERR )
{
  pat(1) = EOS
  optpat = ERR
}
else
  optpat = OK
return
end
#-h- pagin            441  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:16  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  subroutine pagin(i)
  
  integer i, n, junk
  integer readf, ptreq
  
  include cvirt
  include cvfile
  include cbuf
  
  n = phyind(i)
  if (ptreq(dskadr(i), NULLPOINTER) == YES)	# demand 0 page
    {
    junk = n + arith(LINES_PER_PAGE,*,BUFENT)
    for ( ; n < junk; n=n+1)
      buf(n) = 0
    }
  else
    {
    call seek(dskadr(i), virunt)
    junk = readf(buf(n), PAGE_SIZE, virunt)
    }
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- pagout           638  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:18  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  subroutine pagout(j)
  
  integer j, n, junk, reset
  integer writef, ptreq, note
  
  include cvirt
  include cvfile
  include cbuf
  
  if (phyind(j) < 0)		# page is dirty, write it out
    {
    n = abs(phyind(j))
    if (ptreq(dskadr(j), NULLPOINTER) == YES)	# must write at end of file
      {
      call ptrcpy(virend, dskadr(j))
      reset = YES					# reset EOF address
      }
    else
      reset = NO
    call seek(dskadr(j), virunt)
    junk = writef(buf(n), PAGE_SIZE, virunt)
    if (reset == YES)
      junk = note(virend, virunt)
    }
  phyind(j) = 0			# page now non-resident
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- pdirty           287  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:20  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  subroutine pdirty(i)
  
  integer i, n
  
  include cvirt
  include clru
  
  phyind(i) = -abs(phyind(i))		# mark page as dirty
  for (n=1; n <= RESIDENT_PAGES; n=n+1)
    if (pfnp(n) == i)
      break
  call mruset(n)			# put in MRU position
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- percen           598  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:21  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Percen - Show percent of line pointer & text space used.

subroutine percen

include    cbuf
ifdef( IN_MEM )
include    ctbuf
enddef

integer    chrper, linper

#linper = lastbf * 100 / arith(arith(MAX_ED_LINES,+,2),*,BUFENT)
linper = lastbf / arith(arith(arith(MAX_ED_LINES,+,2),*,BUFENT),/,100)
call putdec( linper, 2)
call putlin( " percent of line descriptors used.", STDOUT)
call putc('@n')

ifdef( IN_MEM )
#chrper = txtend * 100 / MAXTXT
chrper = txtend / arith(MAXTXT,/,100)
call putdec( chrper, 2)
call putlin( " percent of text space used.", STDOUT)
call putc('@n')
enddef

return
end
#-h- prevln           171  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:23  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## PrevLn -- Get line before `line'.

integer    function prevln(line)
integer    line
include    clines

prevln = line - 1
if( prevln < 0 )
  prevln = lastln

return
end
#-h- ptfndx           182  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:24  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## PtFNdx -- Return line descriptor(s) to free list.

subroutine ptfndx( start, stop)

integer    start, stop

include    cbuf

call setb( stop, NEXT, free)
free = start

return
end
#-h- ptlnum           239  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:26  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## PtLNum - Conditionally output line number on `fd'.

subroutine ptlnum( num, fd)

filedes    fd
integer    num

include    clines

string tail "=>"

if( number == YES )
{
  call putint( num, 6, fd)
  call putlin( tail, fd)
}

return
end
#-h- ptscan           418  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:28  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## PtScan -- Scan for next occurrence of pattern.

integer    function ptscan( way, num)
integer    gettxt, match, nextln, prevln # function(s)
integer    k, num, way
include    clines
include    cpat
include    ctxt

num = curln
repeat
{
  if( way == FORWARD )
    num = nextln(num)
  else
    num = prevln(num)
  k = gettxt(num)
  if( match( txt, pat) == YES )
    return(OK)
}
until( num == curln )
return(ERR)
end
#-h- readfl           331  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:30  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## ReadFl -- Read line from file  (random access).

subroutine readfl( buffer, count, int)

# note -- in this implementation, a call to getlin is made rather
# than reading a specified number of characters.

integer    count, int, junk
integer    getlin # function(s)
character  buffer(ARB)

junk = getlin( buffer, int)
return
end
#-h- relink           198  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:31  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Relink -- Rewrite two half line links.

subroutine relink( a, x, y, b)
integer    a, b, x, y
include    clines

oldndx = ERR
call setb( x, PREV, a)
call setb( y, NEXT, b)
ifmod = YES

return
end
#-h- setb             970  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:33  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## SetB - Set `type' in buf(ndx) to `value'.

subroutine setb( virndx, type, value)

integer    virndx, type, ndx
integer    value(2) 	# In-memory version uses only value(1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  integer xindex
  integer virphy
enddef

include    cbuf

ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  xindex = virphy(virndx, ndx)
elsedef
  ndx = virndx
enddef
if( type == PREV ) # The leftmost bit of this word holds MARK.
{
  if( buf( ndx + PREV ) < 0 )
    buf( ndx + PREV ) = -value(1)
  else
    buf( ndx + PREV ) = value(1)
}
else if( type == NEXT )
  buf( ndx + NEXT ) = value(1)
else if( type == MARK )
{
  if( value(1) == YES )
    buf( ndx + PREV ) = -abs( buf( ndx + PREV ) )
  else
    buf( ndx + PREV ) = abs( buf( ndx + PREV ) )
}
ifdef( IN_MEM )
else if( type == CURR )
  buf( ndx + CURR ) = value(1)
elsedef
else if( type == SEEKADR )
{
  buf( ndx + SEEKADR )     = value(1)
  buf( ndx + arith(SEEKADR,+,1) ) = value(2)
}
enddef
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  call pdirty(xindex)
enddef

return
end
#-h- setbuf           805  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:35  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## SetBuf -- Initialize line storage buffer.

subroutine setbuf

integer    k, junk
integer    note

include    cbuf
include    cdel
include    clines

ifdef( IN_MEM )
  include    ctbuf
elsedef
  integer create
  include cscrat

  string fil "eds"
enddef

string null ""

ifdef(IN_MEM)
  txtend = LINE0
elsedef
  call scratf( fil, scrfil)	# Get unique name for scratch file.
  scr = create( scrfil, READWRITE)
  if( scr == ERR )
    call cant(scrfil)
  junk = note(scrend, scr)
enddef

lastbf = LINE0
free = 0			# Initialize list of free line descriptors.
call maklin( null, 1, k)	# Create empty line 0.
call relink( k, k, k, k)	# Establish initial linked list.
curln = 0
lastln = 0
cursav = 0
delcnt = 0			# Number of lines deleted.
ifmod = NO			# Initialize changes since last w variables.

return
end
#-h- subst           1255  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:37  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Subst -- Substitute "sub" for occurrences of pattern.

integer    function subst( sub, gflag)
character  new(MAXLINE), sub(MAXPAT)
integer    addset, amatch, conct, gettxt, injext # function(s)
integer    gflag, j, junk, k, lastm, line, m, status, subbed
include    clines
include    cpat
include    ctxt

subst = ERR
if( line1 <= 0 )
  return
for( line = line1 ; line <= line2 ; line = line + 1 )
{
  j = 1
  subbed = NO
  junk = gettxt(line)
  lastm = 0
  for( k = 1 ; txt(k) != EOS ;  )
  {
    if( gflag == YES | subbed == NO )
      m = amatch( txt, k, pat)
    else
      m = 0
    if( m > 0 & lastm != m ) # replace matched text
    {
      subbed = YES
      call catsub( txt, k, m, sub, new, j, MAXLINE)
      lastm = m
    }
    if( m == 0 | m == k ) # no match or null match
    {
      junk = addset( txt(k), new, j, MAXLINE)
      k = k + 1
    }
    else # skip matched text
      k = m
  }
  if( subbed == YES )
  {
    if( addset( EOS, new, j, MAXLINE) == NO )
    {
      subst = ERR
      break
    }
    subst = conct( line, new) #check for conctenation
    if( subst == ERR )
      break
    call delete( line, line, status) # remembers dot
    subst = inject(new)
    if( subst == ERR )
      break
    subst = OK
  }
}
return
end
#-h- typset           874  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:40  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## Typset - ``format'' the current buffer.

integer    function typset( lin, i)

integer    dospwn, dowrit, remove # function(s)
integer    i, j, modtmp, prttmp, status, junk
character  lin(ARB)

include     cspwn
include    clines

string fmtstr "format "
string seed   "fmt"

modtmp = ifmod # Save state of ifmod flag
prttmp = print # Save state of print flag
print = NO

call scratf( seed, filara)
if( dowrit( 1, lastln, filara) != ERR )
{
  j = 1
  call stcopy( fmtstr, 1, argara, j)
  call stcopy( lin, i, argara, j)
  if( argara( j - 1 ) == '@n' )
    j = j - 1
  call chcopy( ' ', argara, j)
  call stcopy( filara, 1, argara, j)
  j = 1
  status = dospwn( argara, j)
}
else
{
  call remark( "? Can't create scratch file." )
  status = ERR
}

junk = remove(filara)

ifmod = modtmp # Restore state of ifmod flag
print = prttmp # Restore state of print flag

return
end
#-h- undel            581  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:43  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
## UnDel -- Undelete last lines deleted; insert them after `line'.

integer    function undel( line, glob)

integer    getind, nextln, prevln # function(s)
integer    glob, line
integer    k1, k2, status
include    cdel
include    clines

if( delcnt == 0 | glob == YES )
  return(ERR)
else
{
  curln = line
  k1 = getind(curln)
  k2 = getind( nextln(curln) )
  if( curln == lastln )
    curln = curln + delcnt
  else
    curln = nextln(curln)
  lastln = lastln + delcnt
  call relink( k1, fstdel, lstdel, k2)
  call relink( lstdel, k2, k1, fstdel)
  delcnt = 0
  return(OK)
}

end
#-h- virint           653  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:44  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  # virint - initialize virtual array for line pointers
  
  subroutine virint
  
  integer i, j
  
  include cvirt
  include cvfile
  include clru
  
  for ([i=1; j=1]; i <= PF_SIZE; [i=i+1; j=j+arith(LINES_PER_PAGE,*,BUFENT)])
    {
    virind(i) = j			# starting virtual index
    call ptrcpy(NULLPOINTER,dskadr(i))	# initially not in paging file
    if (i <= RESIDENT_PAGES)
      phyind(i) = j
    else
      phyind(i) = 0
    }
  virunt = ERR
  for (i=1; i <= RESIDENT_PAGES; i=i+1)
    {
    lrup(i) = i - 1
    mrup(i) = i + 1
    pfnp(i) = i
    }
  lrup(1) = RESIDENT_PAGES
  mrup(RESIDENT_PAGES) = 1
  
  return
  end
enddef
#-h- virphy           288  asc  25-mar-82 07:44:46  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
ifdef(DO_PAGING)
  integer function virphy(virtnd, physnd)
  
  integer virtnd, physnd, i
  
  include cvirt
  
  i = ((virtnd - 1) / arith(LINES_PER_PAGE,*,BUFENT)) + 1
  if (phyind(i) == 0)
    call mapphy(i)
  physnd = abs(phyind(i)) + (virtnd - virind(i))
  return(i)
  
  end
enddef
#-h- edef             389  asc  25-mar-82 07:47:46  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
define(DO_ASTS,)		# Poll for ASTs (interrupts) periodically.
define(prompt,ledpmt)		# Incorporate fancy CLI features.
define(IN_MEM,)			# Use in-memory text buffer instead of
				# scratch file.
define(MAX_ED_LINES,10000)	# Maximum number of line descriptors.
define(PROMPT_STRING,"* ")
define(DO_AUTOIN,)		# do autoindent
define(USE_STRING,"usage:  e [-] [-p[string]] [-n] [-v] [file].")
#-h- ed.hlp           627  asc  25-mar-82 07:47:48  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)

Append	Change	Insert		Edit		File
(after)	(range)	(before)	e [<file>]	f [<file>]

(.)a	(.,.)c	(.)i		Read (after)	Write
<text>	<text>	<text>		(.)r [<file>]	(1,$)w [<file>] 
.	.	.


Delete	Print	Browse		Move		Kopy
(range)	(range)	(screen)	(range)(after)	(range)(after)

(.,.)d	(.,.)p	(.)b[.|-]	(.,.)m<addr>	(.,.)k<addr>


Substitute		Global			Xcept

(.,.)s/old/new/  or	(1,$)g/text/command	(1,$)x/text/command
(.,.)s/old/new/g
					Metacharacters
Equals	Comment		? (any char)  % (first char on line)  * (closure)
			@ (escape)    $ (last  char on line)  & (ditto)
(.)=	# text		@n (newline)  @t (tab) c1-c2 (range)  [...] (class)
#-h- e.fmt           1356  asc  25-mar-82 07:47:50  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
.so ~bin/manhdr
.hd E (1) 12-Aug-81
extended version of "ed" with command editing & history
.sy
e [-] [-pprompt] [-n] [-v] [file]
.ds
e is an extended version of ed which uses virtual memory rather than
a scratch file for its text storage.  This makes it considerably faster
than ed.  In addition, command editing & history are supported; see
the writeup on "esh" for more information.
.sp
Other commands and features which may not have found their way into ed:
.in +5
.sp
.ti -3
1. There is a terse help command, invoked via `h'.
.ti -3
.sp
2. One can cause the current contents of the buffer to be roffed by
issuing the "typeset" command via `t'.  This causes format to be spawned,
formatting the buffer contents to the terminal.  The buffer contents are
not affected.  If more sophisticated use of format is necessary, or you
deires to spawn something other than format, see the ed writeup for the
`^' command.
.sp
.ti -3
3. A command is available to see how much of the virtual memory array
space has been used via `%'.  If you exhaust the array space with
many changes, simply writing the file followed by the enter command will
cause garbage collection to occur.
.sp
.in -5
For information on the other commands to e, consult the manual entry for ed.
.fl
.au
The extra features of e above those of ed are due to Dave Martin.
.sa
ed - text editor
.bu
#-h- ed.fmt         17885  asc  25-mar-82 07:47:57  v1.1 (sw-tools v1.1)
.so ~bin/manhdr
.hd Ed (1) 21-Apr-78
line-oriented text editor
.sy
ed [-] [-pstring] [-n] [-v] [file] 
.ds
Ed is a text editor. 
If the 'file' argument is given, the file is read into ed's 
buffer so that it can be edited 
and its name is remembered for possible future use. 
Ed operates on a copy of any file it is editing; changes made 
in the copy have no effect on the file until a w (write) 
command is given. 

The optional '-' suppresses the printing of line counts by the e (edit), 
r (read), and w (write) commands. 

The -p flag may be used to specify ed's prompt string.  The default
is ": ".  If prompting is not desired, a bare -p in the command line
will turn it off.

The -n flag indicates that you want to see line numbers
prepended to each line of the buffer.

The -v flag indicates that each command is to be echoed on error
output as it is executed.

Ed accepts commands from script files as well as a terminal. 
To do this, invoke ed and substitute the script file name for 
the standard input, as follows - 

                        ed [file] <script 

Commands to ed have a simple and regular structure: zero , one, or two 
line addresses followed by a single character command, possibly 
followed by parameters to the command.  The structure is: 

               [line],[line]command <parameters> 

The '[line]' specifies a line number or address in the buffer. 
Every command which requires addresses has default addresses, 
so the addresses can often be omitted. 

Line addresses may be formed from the following components: 

.nf 

           17           an integer number 
           .            the current line 
           $            the last line in the buffer 
           .+n          "n" lines past the current line 
           .-n          "n" lines before the current line 
           /<pattern>/  a forward context search 
           \<pattern>\  a backward context search 

.fi 
Line numbers may be separated by commas or semicolons; 
a semicolon sets the current line to the previous address 
before the next address is interpreted.  This feature can 
be used to determine the starting line for forward and 
backward context searches ("/" and "\"). 


.ce 
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS 

Ed includes some additional capabilities such as the ability to 
search for patterns that match classes of characters, that match 
patterns only at particular positions on a line, or that match 
text of indefinite length. 
These pattern-seaching capabilities include a class of patterns called 
regular expressions. 
Regular expressions are used in addresses to specify lines and in the 
s 
command to specify a portion of a line which is to be replaced. 
To be able to express these more general patterns, some special 
characters (called metacharacters) are used. 
The regular expressions allowed by ed are constructed as follows: 

1.  An ordinary character (not one of those discussed below) is a 
regular expression and matches that character. 

2.  A percent "%" at the beginning of a regular expression matches 
the empty string at the beginning of a line. 

3.  A dollar sign "$" at the end of a regular expression matches 
the null character at the end of a line. 

4.  A question mark "?" matches any character except a newline 
character. 

5.  A regular expression followed by an asterisk "*" matches any 
number of adjacent occurrences (including zero) of the regular 
expression it follows. 

6.  A regular expression followed by a plus "+" matches one or more 
adjacent occurrences of the regular 
expression it follows (anchored closure). 

7.  A string of characters enclosed in square brackets "[ ]" matches 
any character in the string but no others.  If, however, the first 
character of the string is an exclamation point "!" the regular 
expression matches any character 
except 
the characters in the string (and the newline). 

8.  A string of regular expressions enclosed in braces "{}" is known
as a tagged pattern, and can be referenced positionally as $1...$9
in the replacement side of a substitute command.

9.  The concatenation of regular expressions is a regular expression 
which matches the concatenation of the strings matched by the components 
of the regular expression. 

10. The null regular expression standing alone is equivalent to the 
last regular expression encountered. 

If it is desired to use one of the regular expression metacharacters 
as an ordinary character, that character may be escaped 
by preceding it with an
atsign "@". 
.sp 5
.ce 
COMMANDS 

Following is a list of ed commands.  Default addresses are shown 
in parentheses: 

(.)a 
.br 
<text> 
.br 
.cc *
.
*cc .
.br 
.in +5 
The append command reads the given text and appends it after the addressed 
line. 
'.' is left on the last line input, if there were any, otherwise at 
the addressed line. 
.br 
.in -5 

(.)b[+/./-][<screensize>]
.br
.in +5
The browse command is a shorthand command to print out a screenful
of data.  It has three basic forms, any of which may have a
number("screensize") appended to it.  The default screensize is 23.  The
b- form will print the screen of text preceding (and including) the
addressed line; b. prints the screen centered on the addressed line;
and b or b+ prints the current line and the screen after it.  "." is
left at the last line printed.  If a screensize is specified, it
becomes the default screensize for the rest of the editing session or
until changed again.
.br
.in -5

(.,.)c 
.br 
<text> 
.br 
.cc *
.
*cc .
.br 
.in +5 
The change command deletes the addressed lines, then accepts input text 
which replaces these lines.  '.' is left at the last line input, if 
there were any, otherwise at the first line not deleted. 
.br 
.in -5 

(.,.)d 
.br 
.in +5 
The delete command deletes the addressed lines from the buffer. 
The line originally AFTER the last line deleted becomes the current line; 
however, if the lines deleted were originally at the end, the new last line 
becomes the current line. 
.br 
.in -5 

e filename 
.br 
.in +5 
The edit command causes the entire contents of the buffer to be deleted 
and then the named file to be read in. 
'.' is set to the last line of the buffer. 
The number of lines read is typed. 
'Filename' is remembered for possible use as a default file name in 
a subsequent 
r 
or 
w 
command. 
If changes have been made to the current file since the last
write command, you will be asked to repeat the edit command.

.in -5 
f filename 
.br 
.in +5 
The filename command prints the currently remembered file name. 
If 'filename' is given, the currently remembered file name is 
changed to 'filename'. 
.br 
.in -5 

(1,$)g/regular expression/command 
.br 
.in +5 
In the global command, the given command is executed for every 
line which matches the given regular expression. 
Multiple commands may be executed by placing each on a preceding
line and terminated each command except the last with an
atsign '@'.
.br 

.ti -5
h
.br
The help command causes a synopsis of the commands to be displayed
on standard output.  If no help is available, that fact is noted on
error output.
.sp
.in -5 
(.)i 
.br 
<text> 
.br 
.cc *
.
*cc .
.br 
.in +5 
The insert command inserts the given text BEFORE the addressed line. 
'.' is left at the last line input, or if there were none, at the 
addressed line. 
This command differs from the 
a 
command only in the placement of text. 
.br
.in -5

(.,.+1)j
.br
.in +5
The join command joins the specified lines into one line.
'.' is left at the new line created by the join.
If the join would result in a line longer than MAXLINE characters,
an error is reported and no changes are made to the file.
A trailing p or l may be given on the join command to cause
the merged line to be printed or listed.
.br 
.sp
.ti -5
(.,.)k<address>
.br
The kopy command copies the range of lines after the line specified by
<address>.
The last of the copied lines becomes the current line.
.in -5 

(.,.)l 
.br 
.in +5 
The list command prints the addressed lines, expanding all ASCII
characters with values between 1 and 31 (^A - ^_) as the appropriate
two character digraph, ^(character).
The end of line is also indicated by a '$'.
'.' is left at the 
last line listed. 
The 
l
command may be placed on the same line after any other command 
to cause listing of the last line affected by the command. 
.br 

.in -5 
(.,.)m<address> 
.br 
.in +5 
The move command repositions the addressed lines after the line 
specified by 
<address>. 
The last of the moved lines becomes the current line. 
.br 
.sp
.ne 10
.ti -5
n[+/-/=][value]
.br
This command manipulates the number register maintained by ed.
A bare `n' causes the current value of the register to be displayed.
The `=' function causes the number register to be set to the value
specified, or to 0 if left null.  The `+' and `-' functions cause
the register to be incremented/decremented by `value', or by 1
if value is null.
.in -5 

(.,.)p 
.br 
.in +5 
The print command prints the addressed lines.  '.' is left at the 
last line printed. 
The 
p 
command may be placed on the same line after any other command 
to cause printing of the last line affected by the command. 
.br 
.in -5 

q 
.br 
.in +5 
The quit command causes ed to exit. 
No automatic write of the file is done. 
If changes have been made to the current file since the last write
command, you will be asked to repeat the quit command.
.br 
.in -5 

(.)r filename 
.br 
.in +5 
The read command reads in the given file after the addressed line. 
If no file name is given, the remembered file name is used (see 
e 
and 
f 
commands). 
The remembered file name is not changed. 
Address '0' is legal for this command and causes the file to be 
read in at the beginning of the buffer. 
If the read is successful, the number of lines read is typed. 
'.' is left at the last line read in from the file. 
.br 
.in -5 

(.,.)s/regular expression/replacement/       or, 
.br 
(.,.)s/regular expression/replacement/g 
.br 
.in +5 
The substitute command searches each addressed line for an occurrence 
of the specified regular expression. 
On each line in which a match is found, the first occurrence of the 
expression is replaced by the replacement specified. 
If the global replacement indicator 
g 
appears after the command, all occurrences of the regular 
expression are replaced. 
Any character other than space or newline may be used instead of 
the slash '/' to delimit the regular expression and replacement. 
A question mark '?' is printed if the substitution fails on all 
addressed lines. 
'.' is left at the last line substituted. 

An ampersand '&' appearing in the replacement is replaced by 
the string matching the regular expression. 
(The special meaning of '&' in this context may be suppressed by 
preceding it by '@'.) 

The strings '$n', '$n+[d]' and '$n-[d]' appearing in the replacement string
cause the current value of the number register to be placed in the line.
The optional trailing increment/decrement syntax cause the number register
value to incremented/decremented by `d' AFTER the value is placed in the
string.  If `d' is omitted, a value of 1 is used.

Lines may be split or merged by using the symbol '@n' to stand 
for the newline character at the end of a line. 
.br 


.ti -5
t [format arguments]
.br
This command allows one to `typeset' the current buffer without
leaving the editor.  The current contents of the buffer are written
to a scratch file, and `format' is invoked with a command line consisting
of the scratch file name plus any trailing arguments in the `t'
command line.  For example:

t +5 -7

causes format to be invoked on the buffer and pages 5 through 7 to be
output.  The value of '.' is not changed and the buffer is left intact.


.ti -5
(.)u
.br
This causes the last line or range of lines which were deleted, either
via a delete command or a substitute command, to be undeleted after the
specified line.  This is NOT an undo command.  The last line or set of
lines deleted are kept in a special place before recycling the line
pointers, and may be recalled.
.in -5 


(1,$)w [>[>]]filename 
.br 
.in +5 
The write command writes the addressed lines onto the given file. 
If the file does not exist, it is created. 
The remembered file name is 
not 
changed. 
If no file name is given, the remembered file name is used (see 
the 
e 
and 
f 
commands). 
'.' is left unchanged. 
If the command is successful, the number of lines written is typed. 
The form `>file' is equivalent to `file', while `>>file' causes the lines
to be appended to `file'.
.br 
.in -5 

(1,$)x/regular expression/command 
.br 
.in +5 
The except command is the same as the global command except that the 
command is executed for every line 
except 
those matching the regular expression. 

.in -5 
(.)= 
.br 
.in +5 
The line number of the addressed line is typed. 
'.' is left unchanged. 
.br 
.in -5 

# comment
.br
.in +5
The remainder of the line after the "#" is a comment and ignored by
the editor.  This allows ed scripts to be commented for future
enlightenment.
.br
.in -5

^shell command
.br
.in +5
The remainder of the line after the "^" is sent to the shell as a
command.  If there is nothing else on the line but a bare "^", the
shell will be spawned, allowing a number of commands to be
performed; when that shell quits, the terminal is returned to the
editor.  "." is left unchanged.
.br
.in -5

(.+1)<carriage return> 
.br 
.in +5 
An address alone on a line causes the addressed line to be printed. 
A blank line alone is equivalent to '.+1' and thus is useful 
for stepping through text. 
A minus '-' followed by a carriage return is equivalent to '.-1'.
.br 
.sp
.ti -5
<file[ -v]
.br
The current input is stacked, `file' is opened at READ access, and commands
are read from `file' until an EOF is encountered.
If the optional -v flag is specified, each command is echoed on error
output as it is executed.
The normal search path is used to locate `file', and a suffix
of ".ed" is assumed.
This facility is especially useful for canned procedures to be executed.
.sp
.ti -5
(1,$)|shell command
.br
The remainder of the line after the "|" is spawned, with the lines specified
fed to the command as its standard input.
When the command completes, the terminal is returned to the editor.
"." is left unchanged.
.sp
.ti -5
%
.br
The percent of linepointers used is displayed.
For in-memory versions of the editor, the percent of the in-memory
character storage is also displayed.
.in -5 
.sp 2 
.ce 
SUMMARY OF SPECIAL CHARACTERS 

.nf
The following are special characters used by the editor: 

 Character       Usage 
 ---------       ----- 

    ?            Matches any character (except newline) 

    %            Indicates beginning of line 

    $            Indicates end of line or end of file 

    [...]        Character class (any one of these characters) 

    [!...]       Negated character class (any character except these 
                 characters) 

    {expression} tagged pattern

    *            Closure (zero or more occurrences of previous 
                 pattern)

    +            Anchored closure (one or more occurrences)

    @            Escaped character (e.g. @%, @[, @*) 

    &            Ditto, i.e. whatever was matched 

    c1-c2        Range of characters between c1 and c2 

    @f           Formfeed character

    @l           Linefeed character

    @n           Specifies the newline character at the end of a line 

    @r           Carriage return character

    @t           Specifies a tab character 

.fi
.fl
A temporary file is used to hold
the text being edited. 
Two other temporary files, known as $1 and $2, may be used as parameters
for the r, w, and @ commands.  For example, if the current date and time
are desired at the top of the text buffer, perform the following:

.in +5
* ^date >$1
.br
* 0r $1

.in -5
As another example, if you wish to make a copy of lines 1,5 after
the last line in the buffer, do the following:

.in +5
* 1,5w $1
.br
* $r $1

.in -5
.sa
The Unix command "ed" in the Unix manual 
.br
The software tools tutorial "Edit"
.br
"Edit is for Beginners" by David A. Mosher (available from 
             UC Berkeley Computer Science Library) 
.br
"Edit:  A Tutorial" (also available from the 
             UC Berkeley Computer Science Library) 
.br
"A Tutorial Introduction to the ED Text Editor" by B. W. Kernighan 
             (UC Berkeley Computer Science Library) 
.br
Kernighan and Plauger's "Software Tools", pages 163-217 
.ds
The error message "?" is printed whenever an edit command 
fails or is not understood. 
.au
Original code by Kernighan and Plauger with modifications 
by Debbie Scherrer, Dennis Hall, Joe Sventek and Dave Martin. 
.bu
At the present time the editor is still in a somewhat experimental 
There is a compiled-in limit to the maximum number of lines which
a file being edited may contain.
The line limit applies to all lines read in and subsequently 
changed. 
This problem can be partly alleviated by writing (w command) and 
re-editing (e command) the file after a lot of lines have 
been changed. 

There are several discrepancies between this editor and Unix's ed. 
These include: 

.in +5 
1.  Unix uses 'v' instead of 'x' for the except command. 

2.  Unix uses '^' instead of '%' for the beginning-of-line character. 

3.  Unix uses '.' instead of '?' to indicate a match of any character. 

4.  Unix uses  '^' instead of '!' to indicate exclusion of a 
character class. 

5.  Unix uses '\' instead of '@' for the escape character. 

6.  Unix uses '?' instead of '\' to delimit a backward search pattern. 

7.  The Unix 'r' command uses the last line of the file, instead 
of the current line, as the default address. 

8.  The Unix editor prints the number of characters, rather than 
lines read or written when dealing with files. 


.in -5 
%%I 2
#-h- bigeddef         124  asc  04-apr-82 13:48:04  tools
define(MAX_ED_LINES,25000)	# handle 25,000 line files
define(USE_STRING,"usage:  biged [-] [-p[string]] [-n] [-v] [file].")
%%E 2
%%E 1