.HL 1 SPECIAL CHARACTERS 
.INDEX SPECIAL CHARACTERS 
.LM +5; 
.text
.i -5;_&##Ampersand#####UNDERLINE
.s.index Underlining 
The character ampersand "_&" is used to specify underlining. The ampersand
will cause the character following it to be underlined, e.g.#_&f_&o_&o becomes
^&foo\&. To begin underlining a whole section of text you precede the section
by _^_& and follow the section by _\_&.  Any spaces in the section will not be
underlined.  To underline a single space or tab precede it by _&. Text with
imbedded spaces may be underlined spaces and all by issuing the command
_.UNDERLINE SPACES.  You may specify which characters may or may not be 
underlined by the _.UNDERLINE and _.NO UNDERLINE commands.
.i5;(In DSR you may underline spaces by preceding them with an accept flag
"__".)
.text
.s.I -5;_###Number Sign###Quoted or non expandable SPACE
.index Space>non expandable
It is occasionally necessary to include spaces in the text which should not be
treated as word separators. For this purpose, RUNOFF treats the number-sign
character "_#" as a quoted space; i.e. it will print as exactly one space in
the output. Normal spaces may be expanded to multiple spaces to justify the
text, but quoted spaces may not be expanded.  Also normal spaces mark the end
of the previous word and the beginning of the next.  Text with imbedded quoted
spaces may not be broken at the quoted spaces and split into separate lines. 
.text
.s.i -5;__##Underline#####ACCEPT or Quote character
.index Quote character 
.s.index Accept character 
To allow the appearance of the special characters (ampersand, number-sign,
circumflex, or back-slash) in the output, the underscore character "__" is used
as an accept flag. The character immediately following an underscore will
be transmitted to the output with no formatting effect. The underscore itself
is thus another case requiring quoting. The following 12 cases occur: 
.c; ___& ___^ ___\ ____ ___$ ___| ___= ___% ___< ___# ___{ ___} 
If normal spaces or tabs are preceded by an ACCEPT character they are
converted to non expandable spaces.
.text
.s.i -5;_^##Circumflex####UPPERCASE shift or mode lock 
.skip 
As described above, the circumflex character "_^" is used to convert the
letter following to upper-case.  It is also used to lock the case mode in
upper case, and the underline mode to "underline all text". If it is to appear
in the printed text, it must be preceded by the quote character "___^". 
.text
.s.i -5;_\###Backslash####LOWERCASE shift or mode unlock 
.skip 
As described above, the backslash character "_\" is used to output 
the letter following in lower-case.  It is also used to lock the 
case mode in lower-case, and to disable underlining. 
If it is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded 
by the quote character "___\". 
.text
.s.i -5;_<##Less-than#####CAPITALIZE next word 
.skip 
If _.FLAGS CAPITALIZE has been defined, the less-than 
character "_<" is a special character used to capitalize 
the entire word it preceds.  If it is to appear in the printed text, 
it must be preceded by the quote character "___<". 
An appearance of a circumflex followed by less than "_^_<" permanently locks 
Runoff into capitalize mode.  This may be cancelled by a double 
circumflex "_^_^". 
.text
.s.I -5;_=##Equals-sign###HYPHENATE character 
.skip 
If _.FLAGS HYPHENATE has been specified the equals character "_=" used to
control hyphenation. If it preceds a word the word will not be hyphenated.
If it is imbedded inside a word it specifies where that word may be 
hyphenated.  The word is only hyphenated if necessary to fill out a line.
When hyphenation is specified for a word no automatic hyphenation is used.
.bb
If this appears at the end of a line it specifies that the next line is
a continuation of the current one and that a hyphen may appear at this point.
.eb
If _= is to appear in the printed text, it must be preceded by the quote
character "___=".
.text
.s.i -5;_%##Percent sign###OVERSTRIKE character 
.skip 
If _.FLAGS OVERSTRIKE has been defined, the percent character "_%" will
generate a backspace to allow overstriking the previous character to form new
composite characters.  If overstriking is defined and you wish to use the
percent in the text then it must be preceded by an underscore "___%".
The default is _.NO FLAGS OVERSTRIKE. Multiple backspaces may be generated. 
You should be careful when using this feature.  Backspacing past the left
margin is not allowed, and many printers do not support backspacing. 
.i5;(DSR doesn't support multiple backspacing)
.text
.s.i-5;_+##Plus###PERIOD character
.s
If _.FLAGS PERIOD has been defined the plus sign "_+" will generate an extra 
space if followed by a normal space.  For example J_+#M will appear in the
output as J##M. 
.text
.s.i-5;_.##Period###CONTROL character 
.s 
This flag marks the rest of a line as a control or command if it appears 
at the beginning of a line. 
.text
.s.i-5;_$##Dollar sign###SUBSTITUTE character 
.index Substitute character 
.s 
If _.FLAGS SUBSTITUTE has been enabled then the dollar sign marks 
the beginning of a substitution label.  Runoff will then substitute 
some specified text for the label.  The text may be specified by the 
_.DEFINE SUBSTITUTE command. 
Permanently defined substitutions are already available for the current
date and time.  See: _.FLAGS SUBSTITUTE.
.text
.s.i-5;_|##Vertical bar###BREAK character 
.s 
If _.FLAGS BREAK is enabled this character marks where a word or expression 
may be broken.  A word containing a break will not be hyphenated, but will 
be broken if necessary.  Words may contain both specified hyphenation and
break points.  You may automatically specify breaks on a character by using
the _.AUTOBREAK command. This flag also marks where a string is justified if
_.TAB RIGHT is enabled. 
.bb
If this appears at the end of a line it specifies that the next line is
a continuation of the current one.
.eb
.text.s.i-5;_>##Greater than###INDEX/SUBINDEX flags
.s
If _.FLAGS INDEX is enabled, this character may be used to mark terms to be
indexed.  If _.FLAGS SUBINDEX is enabled, the character may be used inside
a _.INDEX command to denote subindex terms.
For further explanation see the section on indexing.
.text.s.i-5;_{ _} Braces###EQUATION formatting characters
.s
If _.FLAGS EQUATION is enabled these characters are used to delimit either
the numerator or denominator of a fraction.  The numerator and denominator
are further separated by a slash "/".
.br;(Not available in DSR)
.text.s.i-5; ????  The user may define any other special character as
a flag by using the _.FLAGS SPECIAL or _.FLAGS ESCAPE commands.
Any flag so defined obeys the
printing rules defined above. The meaning of the flag is entirely up to the
user to define.
.br;(Not available in DSR)
.end text
.NOTE 
All of these flags may be disabled by a _.NO FLAGS command.  They may be 
enabled and changed to a different character by a _.FLAGS command.  For 
example if you use the equals sign frequently you may change it to 
the tilde which you seldom use by entering the following line. 
.s;_.FLAGS HYPHENATE _~ 
.END NOTE